And, the word spinae refers to the spine. The erector spinae muscles are really three muscles: spinalis, longissimus, and iliocostalis. To get more specific, anatomists subdivide each of these three muscles into smaller muscles based on the region of the spine they are in.
It refers to the bumpy projections that you can feel along the length of the spine, the spinous processes. Spinalis is the most medial of the erector spinae muscles. It can be further subdivided into three sections, the spinalis thoracis, spinalis cervicis, and spinalis capitis. The longissimus is the middle muscle of the erector spinae group. It can be further subdivided into three muscles: the longissimus thoracis, longissimus cervicis, and longissimus capitis muscles.
Iliocostalis is the most lateral of the muscles in the erector spinae group. It can be further subdivided into two smaller muscles, the iliocostalis lumborum and iliocostalis cervicis. Spinalis thoracis originates on the spinous processes from about T10 — L3.
Longissimus thoracis originates on the sacrum and the spinous and transverse processes of all lumbar and thoracic vertebrae. But, longissimus cervicis originates on the transverse processes of T1 — T5 and longissimus capitis originates on the transverse processes of of T1 — T5 and the articular processes of C5 — C7. The three iliocostalis muscle sections vary in their origins as well. Iliocostalis lumborum originates on the medial aspect of the iliac crest, the sacrum, and spinous processes of the lumbar vertebrae.
But, iliocostalis thoracis originates on the superior border of the lower 6 ribs, just medial to the iliocostalis lumborum. You can get a sense from breaking down the name where this larger group of muscles is located. So, the erector spinae muscles belong to a bigger group of muscles that are all located along the spine.
Other muscles included in the paraspinal muscle group include the rotatores and the multifidi. The erector spinae muscles include three main muscles which themselves can also be divided into sections. The erector spinae muscles include: iliocostalis, longissimus, and spinalis. Each of these muscles can be divided into three sections. We have iliocostalis cervicis, iliocostalis thoracis, and iliocostalis lumborum. We have longissimus capitis, longissimus cervicis, and longissimus thoracis.
Finally, we have spinalis capitis, spinalis cervicis, and spinalis thoracis. Reference article, Radiopaedia.
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